Tag Archive for: pediatric colorectal surgery

Cloacal Malformations: Case Studies cover

First textbook for cloacal malformations offers deep dive into care and treatment

Cloacal Malformations: Case Studies cover“Within the field of pediatric colorectal and pelvic reconstruction, the most complex anatomic problem a pediatric surgeon can face is that of a cloacal malformation,” writes Marc A. Levitt, M.D., chief of Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction at Children’s National Hospital. A new, first-of-its kind textbook, Cloacal Malformations: Case Studies, seeks to shed light on the multi-disciplinary care required to care for people with this rare condition — when the urinary, gynecologic and colorectal system all exit the body via a common channel which requires reconstruction. The book will be available for pre-order on April 9, 2024.

What is it

Dr. Levitt’s fifth textbook, Cloacal Malformations: Case Studies, is the first comprehensive account of all the care elements needed to successfully treat and manage care for someone with a cloacal malformation. It includes preoperative evaluation and surgical planning, the anorectal malformation (ARM) index, surgical reconstruction, urological evaluation and long-term care. Also covered are the gynecologic evaluation and needed interventions, neurological implications, bowel management and the long-term management of patients with cloacal malformations.

The book’s associate editors hail from some of the subspecialties that are critical to caring for these conditions, including:

  • Tamador Al-Shamaileh, M.D., pediatric colorectal and general
  • Allison C Mayhew, M.D., pediatric gynecology
  • Teresa L. Russell, MS, colorectal and pelvic reconstruction research
  • Briony K Varda, M.D., pediatric urology
  • Richard J Wood, M.D., pediatric colorectal and pelvic reconstruction

Why it matters

This textbook is a compelling resource for all clinicians caring for patients with cloacal malformations. It includes case studies that provide insights into a variety of different clinical scenarios, the first publication to categorize the different types of cloaca, as well as full brand new colored illustrations to enable the reader to understand and gain experience from detailed descriptions.

It is the first of its kind to address the full spectrum needs of someone with a cloacal malformation and will help improve and standardize care for this complex patient population no matter where that patient lives in the world.

Children’s National leads the way

Dr. Levitt is the most experienced pediatric colorectal surgeon in the world. Having performed more than 15,000 procedures during his career, he has cared for more children with cloacal malformations (1,000 cases) and other complex congenital colorectal conditions than anyone else. The information he shares in this textbook, and his previous books, is intended to enhance the care of all children with colorectal and pelvic reconstructive needs, “whether they come into our clinic or are seen by a colleague anywhere in the world,” he notes.

The range of expertise involved in the creation of this textbook reflects Dr. Levitt’s unique approach to pediatric colorectal and pelvic reconstruction, which includes a strongly integrated team of pediatric colorectal surgeons, urologists, gynecologists, gastroenterologists and nurses.

Pre-order a copy of the textbook.

girl playing basketball

Sphincter reconstruction offers new hope for children with Hirschsprung disease

girl playing basketball

After surgery, patients reported sleeping better, higher productivity, the ability to participate in sports and be away from home with confidence.

A new surgical procedure successfully addresses a common lingering challenge — incontinence – faced by some families with young children who have undergone surgery for Hirschsprung disease. This first-of-its kind procedure was pioneered by surgeons in the Division of Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction at Children’s National Hospital, led by Division Chief Marc Levitt, M.D.

The 12-month outcomes for early recipients of the procedure appear in the Journal of Pediatric Surgery.

Why it matters

“The goal of surgery for Hirschsprung disease is to give a child a chance to have normal bowel function, which plays a significant role in their quality of life,” says Dr. Levitt, who served as senior author on the study. “But sometimes after a child receives their pull-through operation — the first surgical step to treat Hirschsprung — they continue to be incontinent. This novel follow-up procedure is offering these kids and their families new hope for a more normal life.”

Hirschsprung disease is a congenital condition that affects one in 5,000 children each year. Children with this condition develop a host of health problems including intestinal blockage and severe constipation, caused by the inability of the colon, or large intestine, to work properly.

The pull-through procedure is the best treatment for children with Hirschsprung disease. The procedure removes the portion of the intestine that does not function so that the child can regain control.

However, after the procedure, some children continue to experience incontinence that requires routine enemas for their entire lives. Before now there was no solution to this problem.

Why we’re excited

The new pilot study shows long-term outcomes for seven patients between the ages of 2 and 18 who underwent the novel technical approach called sphincter reconstruction. Each of the seven were diagnosed with an anatomic or physical issue contributing to their incontinence. It was during a repair procedure for the first patient that Dr. Levitt and his team had the idea of a technique for sphincter reconstruction. After that, six more patients with similar anatomy were offered the procedure.

Four of the six now have normal bowel function. They reported sleeping better, higher productivity, the ability to participate in sports and be away from home with confidence. The remaining two have behavioral conditions that have delayed their progress but are on their way to similar success.

The patient benefit

“Parents and caregivers have told us repeatedly about how much enemas negatively impact their family quality of life,” says Dr. Levitt. “That’s what makes this exciting — this validated surgical approach offers new hope for families who previously thought their child would face a lifetime of issues that would limit their freedom. Now, we finally have something to offer.”

two doctors perform surgery

Can complex pediatric surgery interventions be standardized to facilitate telementoring?

two doctors perform surgery

The study’s authors write, “These discussions are particularly relevant to surgeons in small or rural practices who provide much-needed care to underserved populations and have decreased exposure to these index cases. Conversely, in some developing countries where prevalence of rare congenital surgical conditions is higher, there is a shortage of adequately trained pediatric surgeons. Each of these scenarios involves a mismatch in experience and exposure, which can result in poor patient outcomes and inadequate healthcare delivery.”

How does a surgeon-in-training get enough exposure to rare or complex cases to serve the patients who need them? How does a practicing surgeon perform enough cases each year to maintain proficiency at such index cases?

The authors of a study in the Journal of Pediatric Surgery, including Marc Levitt, M.D., chief of the Division of Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction at Children’s National Hospital, write that, “These discussions are particularly relevant to surgeons in small or rural practices who provide much-needed care to underserved populations and have decreased exposure to these index cases. Conversely, in some developing countries where prevalence of rare congenital surgical conditions is higher, there is a shortage of adequately trained pediatric surgeons. Each of these scenarios involves a mismatch in experience and exposure, which can result in poor patient outcomes and inadequate healthcare delivery.”

Telementoring is one strategy being explored by the American College of Surgeons’ Telementoring Task Force initiative. Pediatric anorectal malformations (ARM), pediatric colorectal surgical procedure, posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) were the “index” areas for the pilot study. Once the expert established the areas of great need, they will test the feasibility of a curriculum and training program using telementoring in pediatric surgery. The ACS Task Force notes that these conditions are relatively rare and require a particular skill level to manage appropriately, making them good candidates for the study.

The Journal of Pediatric Surgery study presents a process for mapping out a standardized curriculum for these procedures. First, the authors sought expert consensus on three interoperative checklists that form a de facto curriculum for teaching, learning and performing ARM and PSARP procedures. Second, a multidisciplinary team of medical educators and pediatric surgery experts drafted the checklists. The authors then sought review and input from pediatric colorectal surgery experts at 10 institutions worldwide, who comprised the study’s colorectal pediatric surgery subject matter expert panel. To be considered “expert,” participants had to meet or exceed several strict inclusion criteria related to years in practice and experience with these case types.

Institutions of the colorectal pediatric surgery subject matter expert panel.

Institutions of the colorectal pediatric surgery subject matter expert panel.

The process led to a successful set of consensus documents. “To our knowledge, this is the first study to establish and standardize key intraoperative objectives using a modified-Delphi method in pediatric surgery,” the authors write. “Although this process can be quite time consuming, it provides an incredible opportunity to standardize intraoperative teaching and expectations of trainees. Future studies will expand these checklists into developing a competency assessment tool involving assessment for validity and reliability in a clinical setting to ultimately improve patient safety through standardization.”

Dr. Levitt says the overarching goal of this work is “to improve the surgical technique everywhere [to] thereby help as many kids as we can, even those we will never meet.”

Colorectal clinic with Marc Levitt, MD, and patient families

Early promise of sphincter reconstruction for Hirschsprung disease

Colorectal clinic with Marc Levitt, MD, and patient families

A team of surgeons, led by international pediatric colorectal expert Marc Levitt, M.D., has developed a new surgical approach to tighten, or reconstruct, the sphincters of Hirschsprung patients who have true fecal incontinence after a pull-through procedure.

A team of surgeons, led by international pediatric colorectal expert Marc Levitt, M.D., has developed a new surgical approach to tighten, or reconstruct, the sphincters of Hirschsprung patients who have true fecal incontinence after a pull-through procedure.

Early cases using this approach were outlined in a study published in the Journal of Pediatric Surgery. Though only performed in a handful of patients so far, the authors write, “We feel confident to offer this procedure to other patients with a similar anatomic concern.”

The people who care for Hirschsprung disease patients, including the team at the Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstruction Division at Children’s National, continue to seek better approaches for these issues because soiling and fecal incontinence are rare but devastating complications that can occur after children have a pull-through procedure.

“In the presence of an intact continence mechanisms, the anal sphincters and the dentate line, patients with Hirschsprung disease should do well and have bowel control.  For some with soiling, this can be improved with treatment of constipation or hypermotility,” the authors write. “However, patients with a damaged anal canal and/or sphincter mechanism are unable to sense stool and distension of the neorectum or hold the stool in, which can lead to true fecal incontinence.”

Currently, there is no optimal treatment for the fecal incontinence that these patients experience. This repair procedure pioneered by surgeons at Children’s National offers a promising option to help get children with Hirschsprung disease one step closer to a happier, less stressful life.